1 Kings 1:19

Authorized King James Version

And he hath slain oxen and fat cattle and sheep in abundance, and hath called all the sons of the king, and Abiathar the priest, and Joab the captain of the host: but Solomon thy servant hath he not called.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַ֠יִּזְבַּח
And he hath slain
to slaughter an animal (usually in sacrifice)
#2
שׁ֥וֹר
oxen
a bullock (as a traveller)
#3
וּֽמְרִיא
and fat cattle
stall-fed; often (as noun) a beeve
#4
וְצֹאן֮
and sheep
a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
#5
לָרֹב֒
in abundance
abundance (in any respect)
#6
קָרָֽא׃
and hath called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)
#7
לְכָל
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#8
בְּנֵ֣י
all the sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#9
הַמֶּ֔לֶךְ
of the king
a king
#10
וּלְאֶבְיָתָר֙
H54
and Abiathar
ebjathar, an israelite
#11
הַכֹּהֵ֔ן
the priest
literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
#12
וּלְיֹאָ֖ב
and Joab
joab, the name of three israelites
#13
שַׂ֣ר
the captain
a head person (of any rank or class)
#14
הַצָּבָ֑א
of the host
a mass of persons (or figuratively, things), especially reg. organized for war (an army); by implication, a campaign, literally or figuratively (speci
#15
וְלִשְׁלֹמֹ֥ה
but Solomon
shelomah, david's successor
#16
עַבְדְּךָ֖
thy servant
a servant
#17
לֹ֥א
not (the simple or abs. negation); by implication, no; often used with other particles
#18
קָרָֽא׃
and hath called
to call out to (i.e., properly, address by name, but used in a wide variety of applications)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine revelation contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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